Explain the difference between mathura and gandhara school of art. Mathura and gandhara school of art art by its nature is a visual commentary on or a concrete manifestation of thought which is abstract and invisible. Side by side, they also carved out brahmanical and jaina divinities. The kushan period of imperialism, at its grandest moment, reigned over the region covering presentday afghanistan, northwest pakistan and northwestern india. Gandhara art and evolution of mahayana school of buddhism. This document is highly rated by upsc students and has been viewed 608 times. Highlight the central asian and grecobactrian elements in gandhara art. Both shakas and kushanas were patrons of gandhara school, which is known for the first sculptural representations of the buddha in human form. It now seems clear that the schools of gandhara and mathura each independently evolved its own characteristic depiction of the buddha about the 1st century ce. Mathura, gandhara, amravati school of art neostencil. The gandhara sculptures have been found in the ruins of taxila and in various ancient sites in.
May 03, 2020 gandharamathura school, notes, history, ias, civil service exam, upsc upsc notes edurev is made by best teachers of upsc. The period lasted from the 1st century bc to the 7th century ad. Gandhara, the buddhist heritage of pakistan this ebook list for those who looking for to read gandhara, the buddhist heritage of pakistan, you can read or download in pdf, epub or mobi. Basic purpose of this paper is to provide the students and researcher a new dimension to look into the art of south asian region. Gandhara school of art was the epitome of cultural revolution in present days west pakistan and east afghanistan during kushan rule, of which gandhara sculpture was an important part, depicting. The gandhara school drew upon the anthropomorphic traditions of roman religion.
Gandhara school of art and sculpture occupies a high place in the history of indian art. Gandhara school architecture in association with sculpture enjoyed the liberal patronage of kanishka. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. These creations have preserved the thought forms of bygone ages, with all the vitality and inspiration of. Art and culture is an important topic in the upsc exam. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Initially, in gandhara style, a complex form of symbolism was present and mathura style deviated from it by establishing the tradition of transforming buddhist symbols into human form accordingly buddha s first image can be traced to kanishka s reign. Gandhara s role in the evolution of the buddha image has been a point of considerable disagreement among scholars. The gandhara art flourished during the kushana rule in india. Journal of asian civilizations, vol 20, no 1, july 1st 1997, pp. Grecobuddhist art is the artistic manifestation of grecobuddhism, a cultural syncretism between the classical greek culture and buddhism. What are the main differences between mathura school of. The gandhara school of art was influenced answers with.
The representation of thick drapery with large and bold fold lines, rich carving, elaborate ornamentation and complex symbolism. Highlight the central asian and grecobactrian elements in. The region was a crossroads where the early influences of the western classical world met with indian imagery and local practices. This art which is known as gandhara art flourished here from 1st millennium to the of the 11th century ad. A catalogue of the gandhara sculpture in the british museum. Discuss about the influence of greece bactrian, roman and iranian on the gandhara art. Answer this multiple choice objective question and get explanation and result. Journal of art historiography number december 2015 the graecobuddhist style of gandhara a storia ideologica, or how a discourse makes a global history of art. Areas of differences gandhara school of art mathura school of art. Buddhist literature of ancient gandhara this ebook list for those who looking for to read buddhist literature of ancient gandhara, you can read or download in pdf, epub or mobi. Buddhist literature of ancient gandhara pdf download full. Gandhara, matura and amravati schools of art lord of the. Both shakas and kushanas were patrons of gandhara school of art and sculpture, which.
The art of the gandhara school was primarily mahayana and shows grecoroman influence. Images of the art of gandhara also known as gandhara art, which was centred around the region of gandhara in northwestern pakistan, eastern afghanistan and parts of kashmir and tajikistan. Gandhara civilization ancient history encyclopedia. Although being an intricate part of indian history, it is uniquely.
Gandhara school of art notes for upsc civil services examination. From traditional brahmanical faith, the artists carved out images of kubera, and of yakshas, yakshinis and nagas. Institute of historical and cultural research, center of excellence, islamabad, 20. Gandhara school of art notes for upsc civil services. Chief characteristics of the gandhara school of art. Here we are giving the major difference between gandhara school of art and mathura school of art. It deals with subjects from hinduism both vaishnav and shavite images and jainism as well. Gandharas strategic position and wealth attracted many invaders, including the greeks, parthians, and kushans, who brought with them diverse religious traditions and artistic conventions. A tendency to mould the human body in a realistic manner with great attention to accuracy of physical details especially the delineation of muscles, the addition of moustaches, curly hair.
Gandhara school of art and sculpture, indian sculpture. While carving the statues utmost care was given to the symmetry of the body including the muscles and moustaches which were shown. Gandhara school of art came into existence in indian. Difference between gandhara and mathura school of art byjus. Influence of central asian elements in gandhara art and greek elements in gandhara art. Gandhara art and mathura, amravati school upsc exam 2016. Art from gandhara is notable for its striking stylistic qualities, many of which reflect complex connections to grecoroman and parthian art.
They also constructed stone railings, female figures and decorative stone panels with floral. Gandharamathura school, notes, history, ias, civil. Pdf gandhara art and evolution of mahayana school of buddhism. Pdf beauty and mystery of gandhara art researchgate. The gandhara school drew upon the anthropomorphic traditions of roman religion and represented the buddha with a.
Much of gandharan art is thus a compelling fusion of foreign styles that ultimately gave visual form to the regions buddhist religious ideals. Gandhara art difference with that of mathura school of. Gandhara art shows the synthesis of both local and foreign elements under the influence of buddhism. At the same time, gandhara is also important for the unique forms of. Download mathura, gandhara, amravati school of art pdf. Pdf gandhara art and evolution of mahayana school of. The cradle of gandhara art was taxila which was t he provincial seat.
Particularly kanishka, the greatest of the kushanas was a great patron of art and architecture. Ancient gandhara, located in the rugged foothills of the himalayas in what is today northwest pakistan and eastern afghanistan, was for centuries a thriving center of trade along the silk road linking. With whose reign is the gandhara school of answers with. Indian craftsmen came in contact with the central asians, greeks, and romans in the north western frontier of india in gandhara. Gandhara art and mathura art both belongs to kushana dynasty. Enter your mobile number or email address below and well send you a link to download the free kindle app.
Objects of art are like documentaries of a thought world that has departed. A substantial number of questions can be asked from the art and culture segment in upsc prelims as well as mains examination. Then you can start reading kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer no kindle device required. Both shakas and kushanas were patrons of gandhara school of art. Pdf power and patronage in the making of gandhara art. Grecobuddhist art is characterized by the strong idealistic realism and sensuous description of hellenistic art and the first representations of the buddha in human form, which have helped define the artistic and particularly, sculptural. Journal of art historiography number december 2015 the graecobuddhist style of gandhara a storia ideologica, or. This art form has played an important part in the development of the indian art. In this school of art the life size statues of gautama buddha were carved.
Canal road university town, peshawar, pakistan land line. Artisans from mathura initially continued the mauryan sculptural forms of the yaksha and. Lart greco bouddhique du gandhara tomeii internet archive. Therefore read the mentor comment and see how it has been advised to be approached. Numismatic evidence also works with the buddhist sculptural tradition, as shown by ellen raven in chapter of tllls volume. May some of ebooks not available on your country and only available for those who subscribe and depend to the source of library websites. Role of gandhara in spread of styles, influence of. The gandhara school of art did not stop only with buddhist images. Gandhara school of art was one of the major schools of art in the history of ancient india. In its interpretation of buddhist legends, the gandhara school incorporated many motifs and techniques from classical roman art, including.
Indian culture gandhara mathura and amravati school of art duration. With whose reign is the gandhara school of art associated answer this multiple choice objective question and get explanation and result. Gandharas role in the evolution of the buddha image has been a point of considerable disagreement among scholars. It was during his reign that gandhara school of art flourished. Architecture in association with sculpture enjoyed the liberal patronage of kanishka. The art of gandhara by buddhism now on 23 june 2017 1.
Indian art and culture by nitin singhania 2nd edition pdf. Gandhara art and evolution of mahayana school of buddhism the land of pakistan is blessed with the vast treasure troves of the world and one of these. The art of gandhara in the metropolitan museum of art. Mathura school of arts, gandhara school of arts, amaravati school of arts mathura school of art at sanchi, barhut or gaya, buddha was never depicted in a human form but was represented only as a symbol of either two footprints or wheel. Gandhara school of art, gandhara art upsc, gandhara. This gave rise to a new kind of art called gandhara art in which images are made in grecoroman style. The gandhara school of art had also developed in first century ad along with mathura school during reign of kushana emperor kanishka. Gandhara the buddhist heritage of pakistan pdf download. The new gandhara style of art that developed in sculpture was a fusion of grecoroman and indian styles. The rise and growth of the kushans as a political power 1st century to 3rd century ad coincided with a great cultural ferment in the region. Stucco was a kind of plaster that was used for many structures including the freestanding ones under this style of art. The period around which the gandhara school of art flourished could be said to be from 1st century bce to 4th century ce.
The graecobuddhist style of gandhara journal of art. In the last two decades, the discipline of art history has entered a new stage of. Gandhara school of art and sculpture had developed in 1st century ad together with mathura school in the sovereignty of kushana ruler kanishka. The graecobuddhist style of gandhara a storia ideologica, or. The forms of greek art were applied to buddhist subjects with reasonable amount of success. Until then, the buddhist existence was shown in the form of symbols like lotus, umbrella etc. The gandhara school of art was influenced most by the.